Ships Ladders: A Specialized Stairway Solution

Ships ladders, also known as companionway ladders, are a unique type of steep staircase often used in situations where space is at a premium and a traditional staircase isn’t feasible. They’re commonly found in boats (hence the name), tiny homes, and for accessing lofts or attics.

Understanding Ships Ladders

Ships ladders are characterized by their steep incline and narrow steps. They typically feature alternating treads, meaning you step on every other step as you climb, similar to a ladder. This design allows for a vertical climb in a compact space.

Important Considerations:

  • Not for Main Exits: Similar to alternating tread devices, ships ladders are generally not permitted as the primary means of egress (exit) from a building or space. Their steepness and narrow steps can make them more challenging to navigate, especially in emergencies.
  • Alternative Access: They are allowed when a regular staircase or ramp serves the same space on each level, providing an alternative way to access the area.
  • Limited Use: Ships ladders are often used where a means of egress is not required, such as for access to a loft, attic, or storage space.
  • Exceptions: In some cases, ships ladders may be allowed as part of a means of egress for small spaces like lofts or mezzanines, as long as they don’t provide the only access to essential areas like kitchens or bathrooms.

Tread and Handrail Requirements

Ships ladders have specific requirements for tread dimensions and handrail configuration to ensure safety and usability despite their steep design.

Tread Dimensions:

  • Minimum Tread Depth: Each tread should have a minimum depth of 5 inches.
  • Minimum Projected Tread Depth: The tread, including the nosing (the projecting edge), should project out horizontally by at least 8 ½ inches.
  • Maximum Riser Height: The risers should be no more than 9 ½ inches high.

Handrail Requirements:

  • Handrails on Both Sides: Ships ladders must have handrails on both sides to provide support and stability.
  • Handrail Height: The handrails should be uniform in height and between 30 and 34 inches high.
  • Other Requirements: Handrails must also meet the requirements for continuity and grip size discussed in the previous section on handrails.

By understanding these specific requirements for ships ladders, you can ensure your specialized staircase is safe, functional, and code-compliant.