What do balusters sit on?

I’m planning a staircase remodel and need clarification on the terminology. What exactly do balusters sit on, and what role do they play in the overall staircase structure?

In the realm of staircases, the term “baluster” can be a bit ambiguous, as it often refers to different components depending on the context. Let’s clarify the various elements and their relationships within the staircase structure:

Balusters (or Spindles)

• Definition: These are the vertical posts that support the handrail and run between the treads (the horizontal steps) and the handrail. They can be made from various materials like wood, metal, or glass and come in diverse shapes and styles, serving both a functional and decorative purpose.
• Function: Balusters primarily provide structural support for the handrail, preventing it from sagging or bending under pressure. They also act as a safety barrier, preventing falls and adding to the overall stability of the staircase.
• What they sit on/in:
  • Shoes: Metal balusters often utilize shoes (also called base plates or mounts), which are small metal plates attached to the tread or base rail. The baluster is then inserted into the shoe and secured with screws or epoxy. This provides a stable base and can help conceal any gaps or imperfections in the installation.
  • Direct Mounting: In some cases, balusters might be directly mounted to the tread or base rail using screws or other fasteners. This method is common for wood balusters or when a more minimalist aesthetic is desired.
  • Mortise and Tenon: This traditional method involves creating a notch (mortise) in the tread or base rail and a corresponding projection (tenon) on the bottom of the baluster. The tenon is fitted into the mortise, often with the aid of glue, for a secure and concealed connection.

Newel Posts:

• Definition: These are larger, sturdier posts located at the starting point, ending point, or corners of a staircase. They serve as the main anchors for the railing system and often feature more elaborate designs than balusters.
• Function: Newel posts provide crucial structural support to the entire railing system. They are usually anchored directly to the floor or stair structure and can be made from wood, metal, or other materials.
• What they support: Newel posts typically support the ends of the handrail and may also serve as attachment points for balusters or other railing components.

Base Rail (or Shoe Rail):

• Definition: This is an optional horizontal rail that runs parallel to the treads and serves as a base for attaching balusters. It is often used when balusters are not directly attached to the treads.
• Function: The base rail provides additional support and stability to the balusters. It can also be used to create a continuous visual line along the staircase.
• What it sits on: The base rail is typically attached to the treads or risers (the vertical part of the step) using brackets or other fasteners.

Conclusion

While the terms “baluster” and “spindle” are often used interchangeably, it’s important to recognize the specific roles these components play in a staircase structure. Balusters (or spindles) primarily provide support and safety, while newel posts act as anchors for the entire railing system. The base rail offers additional support and can contribute to the overall design aesthetic.

By understanding the different components and their interactions, you’ll be better equipped to make informed decisions during your staircase remodel, ensuring a safe, functional, and visually appealing result.